Turabian Citation Examples
The discipline of theology uses Chicago Style of citation. That style was popularized in a style book by Kate Turabian. Therefore, Chicago style became known as Turabian Style. This style is different from other disciplines like APA and MLA in that it uses footnotes for citations rather than in-text citations. The ORU School of Theology has a style manual that follows the Turabian/Chicago Style. For the most part there is no difference, however, schools often have in-house standards for things like margins and heading styles that have nothing to do with Turabian.
Turabian uses one format for the footnote and another for the bibliography. Pay attention to the differences in the name order between footnote to bibliography entries. Also note the punctuation is different.
- Book and journal titles are always in italics.
- Article and disseration titles are in quotes.
- Titles also captialize all major words.
This guide will give you a few of the most common citations. To see more extensive lists, click on the Turabian logo at the top of this section for or view the Chicago Manual of Style Contents. (opens new window). The examples below are taken from sections of the Citation Quick Guide.
See also:
- Citing Sources: Turabian, SBL and ChicagoORU LibGuide
Books
Footnote:
1. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25.
2. Sharon Sassler and Amanda Jayne Miller, Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017), 114.
Shortened note for subsequent citation:
3. Kitamura, Separation, 91–92.
4. Sassler and Miller, Cohabitation Nation, 205.
Bibliography:
Kitamura, Katie. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books, 2017.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017.
EBooks
Ebooks are cited same as print book except include the name of database, such as "ProQuest" or "Ebook Central." You do not use URL of the database where the book was found unless the book was on an external website, such as internet archive or Hathi Trust. For Kindle and EPub formats without page numbers, use chapter rather than location numbers.
Footnote:
1. Fyodor Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment (New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1917), 444, https://archive.org/details/crimepunishment00dostuoft.
2. Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 88, ProQuest Ebrary.
3. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), chap. 3, Kindle.
Shortened note for subsequent citation:
4. Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, 504–5.
5, Schlosser, Fast Food Nation, 100.
6. Austen, Pride and Prejudice, chap. 14.
Bibliography:
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle.
Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Translated by Constance Garnett, edited by William Allan Neilson. New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1917. https://archive.org/details/crimepunishment00dostuoft.
Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. ProQuest Ebrary.
Journal Articles
Journal article citations do not need url's of where they were retrieved nor do they need the accessed date. However, if an article has a DOI, include that as is demonstrated below. In the footnote, the exact page number you are citing is used (23). In the bibliography, the range of pages for the whole article is use (1-24). Turabian does not use p. or pp. before the number.
Footnote:
1. Ashley Hope Pérez, “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau,” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 874, https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
2. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality,” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10.
3. Peter LaSalle, “Conundrum: A Story about Reading,” New England Review 38, no. 1 (2017): 95.
Shortened note for subsequent citation:
4. Pérez, “Material Morality,” 880–81.
5. Keng, Lin, and Orazem, “Expanding College Access,” 23.
6. LaSalle, “Conundrum,” 101.
Bibliography:
Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34.
LaSalle, Peter. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review38, no. 1 (2017): 95–109.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
Dissertations
Dissertations are cited with the name, title, degree, university information, and date. You also note the database (usually Proquest). But do not give URL's or any other numbers given by the database (such as order number in ProQuest).
Footnote:
1. Guadalupe Navarro-Garcia, “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents” (PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016), 44, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Shortened note for subsequent citation:
2. Navarro-Garcia, “Social Justice Values,” 125–26.
Bibliography:
Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Style Manuals
University Style Manuals
The College of Theology & Ministry's opens new windowResearch & Writing Manual is available online. Especially helpful is the section that provides footnote and bibliographic citation examples (beginning on p. 83).
- Dr. Jeff Lamp's Undergraduate Theology Department Style ManualA copy of Dr. Jeff Lamp's Undergraduate Theology Department Style Manual is on reserve at the Library Services Desk.
APA
- APA Style Central
- Citing Sources: APA - ORU Libguide
APA Style Simplified by
This is a compact but comprehensive guide to writing clearly and effectively in APA style. Demonstrates how to write objective scientific research papers using interesting prose Incorporates guidelines from the 6th edition of the APA publication manual Explores how to develop ideas, connect them to what others have written, and express them clearly Discusses the differences between written, oral, and poster presentations and offers instructions for applying APA style to each
Publication Date: 2012
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the style manual of choice for writers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioural sciences. It provides invaluable guidance on all aspects of the writing process, from the ethics of authorship to the word choice that best reduces bias in language. Well-known for its authoritative and easy-to-use reference and citation system, the Publication Manual also offers guidance on choosing the headings, tables, figures, and tone that will result in strong, simple, and elegant scientific communication. The sixth edition offers new and expanded instruction on publication ethics, statistics, journal article reporting standards, electronic reference formats, and the construction of tables and figures. The sixth edition has been revised and updated to include: new ethics guidance on such topics as determining authorship and terms of collaboration, duplicate publication, plagiarism and self-plagiarism, disguising of participants, validity of instrumentation, and making data available to others for verification; new journal article reporting standards to help readers report empirical research with clarity and precision; simplified APA heading style to make it more conducive to electronic publication; updated guidelines for reducing bias in language to reflect current practices and preferences, including a new section on presenting historical language that is in appropriate by present standards; new guidelines for reporting inferential statistics and a significantly revised table of statistical abbreviations; and, new instruction on using supplemental files containing lengthy data sets and other media. This book includes significantly expanded content on the electronic presentation of data to help readers understand the purpose of each kind of display and choose the best match for communicating the results of the investigation, with new examples for a variety of data displays, including electro physiological and biological data. It offers consolidated information on all aspects of reference citations, with an expanded discussion of electronic sources emphasising the role of the digital object identifier (DOI) as a reliable way to locate information. It features expanded discussion of the publication process, including the function and process of peer review. It contains a discussion of ethical, legal, and policy requirements in publication; and guidelines on working with the publisher while the article is in press. Key to this edition of the Publication Manual is an updated and expanded Web presence. Look up additional supplemental material keyed to this book. This book lets you test your knowledge of APA Style with a free tutorial on style basics. It lets you learn about the changes in the sixth edition with a free tutorial reviewing key revisions. Sign up for an on-line course to enrich and enhance your understanding of APA Style. Read the APA Style blog and share your comments on writing and referencing. Consult frequently asked questions to sharpen your understanding of APA Style. This title lets you examine additional resources on such topics as ethics, statistics, and writing. It lets you familiarise yourself with submission standards for APA books and journals.
Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2010 - Available in Reference & ReservePublication Date: 2009
Chicago/Turabian
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations by
A little more than seventy-five years ago, Kate L. Turabian drafted a set of guidelines to help students understand how to write, cite, and formally submit research writing. Seven editions and more than nine million copies later, the name Turabian has become synonymous with best practices in research writing and style. Her Manual for Writers continues to be the gold standard for generations of college and graduate students in virtually all academic disciplines. Now in its eighth edition, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations has been fully revised to meet the needs of today's writers and researchers. The Manual retains its familiar three-part structure, beginning with an overview of the steps in the research and writing process, including formulating questions, reading critically, building arguments, and revising drafts. Part II provides an overview of citation practices with detailed information on the two main scholarly citation styles (notes-bibliography and author-date), an array of source types with contemporary examples, and detailed guidance on citing online resources. The final section treats all matters of editorial style, with advice on punctuation, capitalization, spelling, abbreviations, table formatting, and the use of quotations. Style and citation recommendations have been revised throughout to reflect the sixteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style. With an appendix on paper format and submission that has been vetted by dissertation officials from across the country and a bibliography with the most up-to-date listing of critical resources available, A Manual for Writers remains the essential resource for students and their teachers.
Call Number: LB2369 .T8 2013 - Available in Reference & ReservePublication Date: 2013
SBL (Society of Biblical Literature)
The SBL Handbook of Style by Publication Date: 2014
Zotero: Free Citation Management Tool
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